Brainstem ( Burdach, 1822 ) : Basically a combination of the brainstem (Schwalbe, 1881) and the cerebral nuclei (Swanson, 2000), or basal ganglia (Warwick & Williams, 1973), as originally defined for macrodissected adult humans; p. 11. It corresponds to the oblong marrow (Willis, 1664), and has been used more recently in Burdach's sense by for example Herrick (1915, p. 114), Ranson & Clarke (1959, Fig. 32).