References - alphabetical list

FMC rules and notations

Adams F (1972): See Hippocrates (c400 BC) On the Sacred Disease.

Adelmann HB (1966): Marcello Malpighi and the Evolution of Embryology (Cornell University Press, Ithaca).

Ali ibn' ul-Abbas (d994): See Wiberg (1914). ( 2 definitions )

Allen JP (2005): The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).

Alvarez VA, Sabatini BL (2007): Anatomical and physiological plasticity of dendritic spines. Ann Rev Neurosci 30:79-97. ( PubMed )

Alvarez-Bolado G, Swanson LW (1996): Developmental Brain Maps (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

Anthoney TR (1994): Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar-Sounding Non-Synonyms, and Terms of Variable Meaning (CRC Press, Boca Raton).

Aranzi GC (1587): De humano foetu liber tertio editus, ac recognitus. Ejusdem Anatomicarum observationum liber ac De tumoribus secundum locos affectos liber nunc primum editi… (Brechtanum, Venice).

Aristotle: Historia Animalium. In The Works of Aristotle, Translated into English under the Editorship of Sir David Ross, Volume IV, Translated by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (Oxford University Press, London); the 1962 reprinting of original 1910 edition was used. ( 6 definitions )

Aristotle: De Partibus Animalium. In The Works of Aristotle, Translated into English under the Editorship of Sir David Ross, Volume V, Translated by William Ogle (Oxford University Press, London); the 1958 reprint of original 1912 edition was used. ( 1 definition )

Ariëns Kappers CU (1929): The Evolution of the Nervous System in Invertebrates, Vertebrates and Man (Bohn, Haarlem).

Auerbach L (1898): Endknöpfchen: Nervenendigung in den Centralorganen. Neurol Centralbl 17:445-454. ( 1 definition )

Baer, KEv (1828, 1837, 1888): Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere; Beobachtung und Reflexion (Bornträger, Königsberg); vol 1 (1828), vol 2 (1837), vol 3 (1888). ( 6 definitions )

Bannister J (1578): The Historie of Man (Daye, London). See 1969 facsimile (De Capo Press, New York). ( 1 definition )

Barclay J (1803): A New Anatomical Nomenclature, Relating to the Terms which are Expressive of Position and Aspect in the Animal System (Ross and Blackwood, Edinburgh). ( 8 definitions )

Barker LF (1899): The Nervous System and its Constituent Neurones (Appleton, New York). ( 1 definition )

Barker LF (1907): Anatomical Terminology: With Special Reference to the [BNA] (Blakiston's, Philadelphia).

Bartholin T (1651): Anatomia, ex Caspari Bartholoni parentis Institutionibus… (Hacklum, Leiden). ( 1 definition )

Bartholin T (1662): Bartholinus Anatomy… Published by Nich. Culpeper… (London, Cole). A translation of Bartholin T (1651) Anatomia…; a more common edition of the translation with the same pagination was published in 1668 (London, Streater).

Bauhin C (1605): Theatrum anatomicum… (Beckeri, Frankfurt). ( 1 definition )

Bell C (1802): Engravings of the Brain and Nerves (Longman & Rees, Cadell & Daves; London). See 1982 facsimile (The Classics of Medicine Library, Birmingham). ( 1 definition )

Bennett MVL (2000): Electrical synapses, a personal perspective (or history). Brain Res Rev 32:16-28.

Berman A (1968): The Brain Stem of the Cat: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison).

Blasius G (1666): Anatomia Medulla Spinalis et Nervorum Inde Provenientium (Casperium Commelinum, Amsterdam). ( 1 definition )

Bota M, Dong H-W, Swanson LW (2003): From gene networks to brain networks. Nature Neurosci 6:795-799. ( 1 definition )

Bota M, Swanson LW (2007): The neuron classification problem. Brain Res Rev 56:79-88. ( 2 definitions | PubMed )

Bota M, Swanson LW (2010): Collating and curating neuroanatomical nomenclatures: principles and use of the Brain Architecture Knowledge Management System (BAMS). Front Neuroinform 4(3):1-16. ( 2 definitions )

Brash JC, ed (1951): Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy, 9th edn (Oxford University Press, London).

Breasted JH (1930): The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).

Brinkley JF (1991): Structural informatics and its applications in medicine and biology. Acad Med 66:589-591.

Brodal A (1981): Neurological Anatomy, In Relation to Clinical Medicine (Oxford University Press, New York).

Brodal P (1992): The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function (Oxford University Press, New York).

Brown R (1833): On the organs and mode of fecundation in Orchidae and Asclepiadeae. Transactions of the Linnean Society London 16:685-742. ( 1 definition )

Brusca RC, Brusca GJ (1990): Invertebrates (Sinauer, Sunderland).

Bullock TH, Horridge G (1965): Structure and Function of the Nervous System of Invertebrates, 2 vols (Freeman, San Francisco).

Burdach KF (1819, 1822, 1826): Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns, 3 vols (Dyk'schen Buchhandlung, Leipzig), vol. 1(1819), vol. 2 (1822), vol. 3 (1826). ( 3 definitions )

Burns, GAPC (2001): Knowledge management of the neuroscientific literature: the data model and underlying strategy of the NeuroScholar system. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 356:1187-1208. ( 1 definition )

Böhm AA, Davidoff Mv, Huber CG (1926): A Text-Book of Histology, Including Microscopic Technique (Saunders, Philadelphia).

Cajal SRy (1888): Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves. Revista Trimestral de Histología normal y patológica 1:1-10. ( 3 definitions )

Cajal SRy (1889): Contribución al estudio de la estructura de la médula espinal. Revista Trimestral de Histología normal y patológica 1:79-106. ( 2 definitions )

Cajal SRy (1892): Nuevo concepto de la Histologia de los Centros nerviosos. Revista de Ciencias Médcas de Barcelona 18:361-376, 457-476, 505-520, 529-541.

Cajal SRy (1894a): Les Nouvelles Idées sur la Structure du Système Nerveux chez l'Homme et chez les Vertébrés (Reinwald, Paris). ( 1 definition )

Cajal SRy (1894b): The Croonian Lecture: La fine structure des centres nerveux. Proc Roy Soc Lond 55:444-468.

Cajal SRy (1899): Comparative study of the sensory areas of the human cortex. In Clark University: 1889-1899, Decennial Celebration (Clark University, Worcester MA), pp 311-335. ( 4 definitions )

Cajal SRy (1899-1904): Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y de los vertebrados, 3 vols in 2 (Moya, Madrid). ( 1 definition )

Cajal SRy (1909): Histologie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme & des Vertèbrès, vol 1 (Maloine, Paris).

Camper P (1760): Demonstrationum anatomico-pathologicarum, Liber primus. Continens brachii humani fabricam et morbos (Schrueder & Mortier, Amsterdam). ( 1 definition )

Camper P (1762): Demonstrationum anatomico-pathologicarum, Liber secundus. Continens pelvis humanae fabricam et morbos (Schrueder & Mortier, Amsterdam).

Carpenter MB (1976): Human Neuroanatomy, 7th edn (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore). ( 2 definitions )

Casserio G (1609): Pentaestheseion… (Misserinum, Venice).

Casserio G (1627): Tabulae Anatomicae LXXIIX (Bucretius, Venice).

Chaussier F (1807): Exposition sommaire de la structure et des différentes parties de l'encéphale ou cerveau (Barrois, Paris). ( 1 definition )

Christ JF (1969): Derivation and boundaries of the hypothalamus, with atlas of hypothalamic grisea. In The Hypothalamus, eds Haymaker W, Anderson E, Nauta WJH (Thomas, Springfield), pp 13-60.

Clark WELeG (1938): Morphological aspects of the hypothalamus. In The Hypothalamus: Morphological, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects, eds Clark WEleG, Beattie J, Riddoch G, Dott NM (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh), pp 1-50.

Clark WELeG (1951): Central nervous system. In Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy, 9th edn, ed Brash JC (Oxford University Press, London), pp 835-1008. ( 1 definition )

Clarke E (1968): The doctrine of the hollow nerve in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In Medicine, Science, and Culture: Historical Essays in Honor of Owsei Temkin, eds Stevenson LG, Multhauf RP (Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore), pp 123-141.

Clarke E, O'Malley CD (1996): The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd edn (Norman, San Francisco).

Cleland J (1879): A remarkable double monstrosity of the head. J Anat Phys 13:164-172. ( 1 definition )

Cobb JLS (1995): The nervous systems of Echinodermata: recent results and new approaches. In The Nervous System of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach, eds Breidbach O, Kutsch W (Birkhäuser, Basel), pp 407-424.

Coiter V (1572): Externarum et Internarum Principalium Humani Corporis Partium Tabulae… (Gerlatzeni, Nuremberg). See 1995 English translation by Schierbeek A in Opuscula Selecta neerlandicorum de arte medica, vol 18 (Sumptibus Societatis, Amsterdam), pp 1-159.

Collins S (1685): A Systeme of Anatomy, Treating of the Body of Man, Beasts, Birds, Fish, Insects, and Plants… (Newcomb, London).

Cowan WM, Gottlieb DI, Hendrickson AE, Price JE, Woolsey TA (1972): The autoradiographic demonstration of axonal connections in the central nervous system. Brain Res 37:21-51.

Cowan WM, Südhof TC, Stevens CF, eds (2001): Synapses (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore).

Crosby EC, Humphrey T, Lauer EW (1962): Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System (Macmillan, New York). ( 1 definition )

Cuvier G (1800): Leçons d'Anatomie Comparée, vol 2 (Baudouin, Paris). ( 1 definition )

De Camilli P, Haucke V, Takei K, Mugnaini E (2001): The structure of synapses. In Synapses, ed Cowan WM, Südhof TC, Stevens CF (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore). ( 2 definitions )

De Lacy P (1978, 1980, 1984): : See Galen (c162-c176) On the Doctrines of Hippocrates of Hippocrates and Plato.

Deiters O (1865): Untersuchungen über Gehirn und Rückenmark des Menschen und der Säugethiere… (Vieweg, Braunschwig). ( 1 definition )

DeLong MR, Wichmann T (2007): Circuits and circuit disorders of the basal ganglia. Arch Neurol 64:20-24.

Diemerbroeck Yv (1672): Anatome Corporis Humani… (Meinardi & Dreunen, Utrecht).

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th edn (2003): (Saunders, Philadelphia).

Duckworth WL (1962): : See Galen (c192) On Anatomical Procedures, The Later Books.

Durward A (1951): Peripheral nervous system. In Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy, 9th edn, ed Brash JC (Oxford University Press, London), pp 1009-1150.

Dutrochet RJH (1824): Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la structure intime des animaux et des végétaux, et sur leur motilité (Baillière, Paris).

Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus (c1700 BC): : See Allen (2005), Breasted (1930). ( 2 definitions )

Ehrenberg CG (1833): Nothwendigkeit einer feineren mechanischen Zerlegung des Gehirns und der Nerven vor den chemischen, dargestellt aus Beobachtungen. Annln Phys 28:449-473.

Eycleshymer AC (1917): Anatomical Names: Especially the Basle Nomina Anatomica ("BNA") (Wood, New York).

Falloppio G (1561): Observationes anatomicae (Ulmo & Perchachino, Venice).

Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (1998): Terminologia Anatomica (Thieme, Stuttgart).

Ferrier D (1876): Functions of the Brain (Smith, Elder; London). ( 1 definition )

Foster M, Sherrington SC (1897): A Textbook of Physiology, 7th edn, part 3 (Macmillan, New York). ( 2 definitions )

Fox CA, Barnard JW (1957): A quantitative study of the Purkinje cell dendritic branchlets and their relationship to afferent fibres. J Anat 91:299-313.

Galen (c162-c176): On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato, edition, translation and commentary by Phillip De Lacy, three parts (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin), 1978, 1980, 1984. ( 1 definition )

Galen (c173): On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body. Translated from the Greek with an Introduction and Commentary by M.T. May (Cornell University Press, Ithaca), 1968. ( 8 definitions )

Galen (c177): On Anatomical Procedures. Translation of the Surviving Books with Introduction and Notes by Charles Singer (Oxford University Press, 1999-a special edition for Sandpiper Books of the 1956 edition). Also see Wiberg (1914). ( 4 definitions )

Galen (c180): : See Goss CM (1966).

Galen (c192): On Anatomical Procedures, The Later Books. A Translation of the Later Books by the late W.L. Duckworth, edited by M.C. Lyons and B. Towers (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), 1962. ( 5 definitions )

Gaskell WH (1886): On the structure, distribution and function of the nerves which innervate the visceral and vascular systems. J Physiol 7:1-80. ( 3 definitions )

Gehuchen AV (1906): Anatomie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme, 4th edn (Uystpruyst-Dieudonné, Louvain).

Gehuchen Av (1893): Le Système Nerveux de l'Homme (Uystpruyst-Dieudonné, Louvain).

Gerfen CR, Sawchenko PE (1984): An anterograde neuroanatomical tracing method that shows the detailed morphology of neurons, their axons and terminals: immunohistochemical localization of an axonally transported plant lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Brain Res 290:219-238. ( 1 definition )

Goette A (1873): Kurze Mittheilungen aus der Entwicklungsgeschichte der Unke. Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie 9:396-412. ( 1 definition )

Golgi (1873): Sulla struttura della grigia del cervello. Gazetta medica italiana Lombardia 6:244-246.

Gordon J (1817): Observations on the Structure of the Brain, Comprising an Estimate of the Claims of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim to Discovery in the Anatomy of that Organ (Blackwood, Edinburgh).

Goss CM (1966): On Anatomy of Nerves by Galen of Pergamon. Am J Anat 118:327-336.

Gregory RL (1966): The brain as an engineering problem. In Current Problems in Animal Behavior, eds Thorpe WH, Zangwill OL (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), pp 307-330.

Haller Av (1747): Primae Lineae Physiologiae in Usum Praelectionum Academicarum (Vandenhoeck, Göttingen). See 1754 English translation by Mihles S, Dr. Albert Haller's Physiology; Being a Course of Lectures upon the Visceral Anatomy and Vital Oeconomy of Human Bodies… (Innys and Richardson, London). ( 1 definition )

Heinzeller T, Welsch U (2001): The echinoderm nervous system and its phylogenetic interretation. In Brain Evolution and Cognition, eds Roth G, Wullimann MF (Wiley, New York), pp 41-75.

Held H (1897): Beitrage zur Structur der Nervenzellen und ihrer Fortsätze. Zweite Abhandlung. Archiv f Anat und Physiol (Anat Abth) [no volume]:204-294. ( 1 definition )

Henle J (1855): Handbuch der Knockenlehre des Menschen. Part of Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen, vol 1 (Viewig, Braunschweig). ( 7 definitions )

Henle J (1871): Handbuch der Nervenlehre des Menschen. Part of Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen, vol 3, pt 2 (Viewig, Braunschweig). ( 1 definition )

Herndon RM (1963): The fine structure of the Purkinje cell. J Cell Biol 18:167-180.

Herophilus (335-263 BC): : see von Staden H (1989).

Herrick CJ (1910): The morphology of the forebrain in amphibia and reptilia. J Comp Neurol Psychol 20:413-547. ( 1 definition )

Herrick CJ (1915): An Introduction to Neurology (Saunders, Philadelphia). ( 1 definition )

Herrick CJ (1917): The internal structure of the midbrain and thalamus of Necturus. J Comp Neurol 28:215-348.

Hippocrates (1972): On the Sacred Disease. In The Genuine Works of Hippocrates, translated from the Greek by Francis Adams, reprinted by Krieger, Huntington NY ( 2 definitions )

Hippocrates (1995): Places in Man. Edited and translated by P. Potter: Hippocrates, Volume VIII, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 18-101

Hippocrates (1995): Fleshes. Edited and translated by P. Potter: Hippocrates, Volume VIII, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 132-165.

His W (1889): Die Neuroblasten und deren Entstehung im embryonalen Mark. Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physischen Classe der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 15:313-372. ( 1 definition )

His W (1893a): Ueber das frontale Ende des Gehirnrohres. Archiv für Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte [no volume]:157-171. ( 2 definitions )

His W (1893b): Vorschläge zur Eintheilung des Gehirns. Archiv für Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte [no volume]:172-179. ( 5 definitions )

His W (1895): Die anatomischer Nomenclature. Nomina anatomica. Arch Anat Physiol Leipzig, Anat Abth, Suppl, pp 1-180. ( 1 definition )

Hollinshead WH (1974): Textbook of Anatomy, 3rd edn (Harper & Row, Hagerstown).

Homer (c9th century BC): : see Longrigg (1998), Rocca (2003). ( 1 definition )

Hooke R (1665): Micrographia… (Marten and Allestry, London). ( 1 definition )

Horsley V, Clarke RH (1908): The structure and functions of the cerebellum examined by a new method. Brain 31:45-124. ( 2 definitions )

Horwitz B (2003): The elusive concept of brain connectivity. Neuroimage 19:466-470.

Huxley TH (1871): A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals (Churchill, London). ( 3 definitions )

International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1983): Nomina Anatomica, 5th edn (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore).

Jacobsohn L (1909): Über die Kerne des Menschlichen Hirnstamms (Medulla Oblongata, Pons und Pedunculus Cerebri (Königl. der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin). ( 1 definition )

Jacobson M (1991): Developmental Neurobiology, 3rd edn (Plenum, New York).

Johnstone J (1765): Essay on the use of the ganglions of the nerves. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond 54:177-187.

Johnstone JB (1906): The Nervous System of Vertebrates (P. Blakiston's Son, Philadelphia).

Johnstone JB (1909): The morphology of the forebrain vesicle in vertebrates. J Comp Neurol Psychol 19:457-539.

Jones EG (1985): The Thalamus (Plenum, New York).

Jones EG, Cowan WM (1983): The nervous tissue. In The Structural Basis of Neurobiology, ed Jones EG (Elsevier, New York), pp 282-370.

Kuhlenbeck H (1927): Vorlesungen über das Zentralnervensystem der Wirbeltiere (Fischer, Jena). ( 4 definitions )

Kuhlenbeck H (1929): Die Grundbestandteile des Endhirns im Lichte der Bauplanlehre. Anatomischer Anzeiger 67:1-51.

Kuhlenbeck H (1967): The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates, vol 1, Propaedeutics to Comparative Neurology (Academic Press, New York).

Kuhlenbeck H (1973): The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates, vol 3, pt 2, Overall Morphologic Pattern (Academic Press, New York).

Kuntz A (1934): The Autonomic Nervous System, 2nd edn (Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia). ( 1 definition )

Kupffer Cv (1885): Primäre Metamerie des Neuralrohrs der Vertebraten. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikaloischen Classe der königl bayer Adademie der Wissenschaften zu München 15:469-476.

Kupffer Cv (1893): Studien zur vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte des Kopfes der Kranioten, vol 1 (Lehmann, Munich). ( 2 definitions )

Kölliker A (1852): Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen (Engelmann, Leipzig).

Kölliker A (1896): Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen, 6th edn, Zweiter Band: Nervensystem des Menschen und der Thiere (Engelmann, Leipzig). ( 2 definitions )

Langley JN (1898): On the union of cranial autonomic (visceral) fibres with the nerve cells of the superior cervical ganglion. J Physiol (Lond) 23:240-270. ( 2 definitions )

Langley JN (1900): The sympathetic and other related systems of nerves. In Textbook of Physiology, vol. 2, ed Schäfer EA (Pentland: Edinburgh), pp 616-696. ( 2 definitions )

Leeuwenhoek A van (1718): Send-brieven, zoo aan de Hoog-edele Heeren van de Koninklyke Societeit te London, als aan andere Aansienelyke en Geleerde Leiden… (Beman, Delft).

Leydig F (1855): Zum feineren Bau der Arthropoden. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medizin, [no volume]:376-480.

Lobstein JF (1831): A Treatise on the Structure, Functions and Diseases of the Human Sympathetic Nerve… (Auner, Philadelphia).

Longet F-A (1842): Anatomie et Physiologie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme et des Animaux Vertébrés…, 2 vols (Fortin, Masson; Paris). ( 1 definition )

Longrigg J (1993): Greek Rational Medicine: Philosophy and Medicine from Alcmaeon to the Alexandrians (Routledge, New York).

Longrigg J (1998): Greek Medicine: From the Heroic to the Hellenistic Age: A Source Book (Routledge, New York).

Ludwig CF (1779): De cinerea cerebri substantia… (Breitkopfia, Leipzig).

Magendie F (1827): Second mémoire sur le liquide qui se trouve dans le crane et l'épine de l'homme, et des animaux vertébrés. Journal de Physiologie Expérimentale et Pathologique 7:1-29. ( 1 definition )

Malpighi M (1673): Dissertatio epistolica de formatione pulli in ovo (Martin, London). ( 1 definition )

Malpighi M (1675): Anatome plantarum. Cui subjungitur appendix iteratas et auctas…de ovo incubato observationes continens, vol 1 (Martin, London).

Manfridi H (1490): : See Singer C (1917).

May MT (1968): : See Galen (c173) On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body.

Mayo H (1823): Anatomical and Physiological Commentaries, Number II (Underwood, London).

Meckel JF (1817): Handbuch der menschlichen Anatomie, vol 3 (Buchhandlung des Hallischen Maisenhauses, Berlin). ( 6 definitions )

Meckel JF (1832): Manual of General, Descriptive, and Pathological Anatomy, 3 vols (Carey & Lea, Philadelphia).

Mettler CC (1947): History of Medicine: A Correlative Text, Arranged According to Subjects (Blakiston, Philadelphia).

Mettler FA (1948): Neuroanatomy (Mosby, St Louis).

Meyer A (1971): Historical Aspects of Cerebral Anatomy (Oxford University Press, London).

Meynert T (1872): The brain of mammals. In A Manual of Histology, ed Stricker S (Wood, New York), pp 650-766.

Mihalkovics Vv (1877): Entwicklungsgeschichte des Gehrirns… (Engelmann, Leipzig). ( 2 definitions )

Mihles S (1754): : See Haller Av (1747) Primae Lineae Physiologiae in Usum Praelectionum Academicarum.

Millen JW, Woollam DHM (1962): The Anatomy of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (Oxford University Press, London).

Molinetti A (1675): Dissertationes anatomico-pathologicae quibus humani corpus... (Balleonium, Venice).

Mondino (1316): Anatomy. In The Fasciculo di Medicina Venice, 1493, with introduction and translation by Charles Singer, 2 vols (R. Lier, Florence), 1925.

Monro A, the second (1783): Observations on the Structure and Functions of the Nervous System… (Creech & Johnson, Edinburgh). ( 1 definition )

Nansen F (1887): The Structure and Combination of the Histological Elements of the Central Nervous System (Grieg, Bergen).

Nauta WJH, Feirtag M (1986): Fundamental Neuroanatomy (Freeman, New York).

Nauta WJH, Haymaker W (1969): Hypothalamic nuclei and fiber connections. In The Hypothalamus, eds Haymaker W, Anderson E, Nauta WJH (Thomas, Springfield), pp 136-209.

Nieuwenhuys R (2002): Deuterostome brains: synopsis and commentary. Brain Res Bull 57:257-270.

Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, Huizen Cv (2008): The Human Central Nervous System, 4th edn (Springer, Berlin).

Nunn JF (2002): Ancient Egyptian Medicine (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman).

Obersteiner H, Hill A (1900): The Anatomy of the Central Nervous System In Health and in Disease (Griffin, London). ( 1 definition )

Ogle W (1912): : See Aristotle, De Partibus Animalium.

Olszewski J, Baxter D (1954): Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brain Stem (Lippencott, Philadelphia).

Owen R (1868): On the Anatomy of Vertebrates, vol 3 (Longmans, Green; London). ( 2 definitions )

Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edn (1989): (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

Oxford Latin Dictionary (1996): (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

Palay SL (1964): The structural basis for neural action. In RNA and Brain Function: Memory and Learning; Proceedings of the Second Conference, 1962, ed Brazier MAB (University of California Press, Berkeley), pp 69-108. ( 1 definition )

Palay SL, Sotelo C, Peters A, Orkand PM (1968): The axon hillock and the initial segment. J Cell Biol 38:193-201.

Papez JW (1929): Comparative Neurology (Crowell, New York).

Parker GH (1909): The origin of the nervous system and its appropriation of effectors. I. Independent effectors. Popular Science Monthly 75:56-64. ( 1 definition )

Paxinos G, Watson C (1982): The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates (Academic Press, Sydney). ( 1 definition )

Peters A, Palay SL, Webster HdeF (1976): The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: Neurons and Their Supporting Cells, 2nd edn (Saunders, Philadelphia).

Peters A, Palay SL, Webster HdeF (1991): The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: Neurons and Their Supporting Cells, 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, New York).

Piccolomini A (1586): Anatomicae praelectiones… explicantes mirificam corporis humani fabricam (Bodfadinus, Rome).

Polyak S (1957): The Vertebrate Visual System, ed Klüver H (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).

Pordage S (1681): The Remaining Medical Works of that Famous and Renowned Physician Dr. Thomas Willis (Dring, Harper, Leigh, & Martyn; London). See 1978 facsimile (Classics of Medicine Library, Birmingham).

Potter P (1995): : See Hippocrates (c400 BC) Fleshes.

Purkinje JE (1838): Neueste Untersuchungen aus der Nerven- und Hirn-anatomie. Bericht über die Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte im Prag im September 1837 (Gottlieb Haas Söhne, Prague), pp 177-180.

Ranson SW (1920): The Anatomy of the Nervous System from the Standpoint of Development and Function (Saunders, Philadelphia). ( 1 definition )

Ranson SW, Clark SL (1959): The Anatomy of the Nervous System: Its Development and Function, 10th edn (Saunders, Philadelphia).

Rasmussen AT (1947): Some Trends in Neuroanatomy (Brown, Dubuque).

Rauber A (1894): Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, 4th edn, vol. 2, part 2 (Besold, Leipzig).

Rauber A (1897): Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, 5th edn, vol 1 (Georgi, Leipzig). ( 1 definition )

Reichert CB (1859-1861): Der Bau des menschlichen Gehirns durch Abbildungen mit erläuterndem Text, 2 vols (Engelmann, Leipzig).

Reil JC (1809): Untersuchungen über den Bau des grossen Gehirns im Menschen… Arch Physiol, Halle 9:136-208. ( 1 definition )

Reisinger E (1925): Untersuchungen am Nervensystem der Bothrioplana. Zeitschr Morphol Ökol Tiere 5:119-149.

Reisinger E (1972): Die Evolution des Orthogons der Spiralier und das Archicölomatenproblem. J Zool System Evol Res 10:1-43.

Remak R (1837): Weitere mikroscopische Beobachtungen über die Primitivfasern des Nervensystems der Wirbelthiere. Froriep's neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur' und Heilkunde, [no volume]:36-41. ( 1 definition )

Remak R (1838): Observationes anatomicae et microscopicae de systematis nervosi structura (Reimer, Berlin).

Richardson WF, Carman JB, trs (2002): : See Vesalius A (1543) On the Fabric of the Human Body.

Ridley H (1695): The Anatomy of the Brain… (Smith & Walford, London). See 1987 facsimile edition (Classics of Neurology & Neurosurgery Library, Birmingham AL).

Rocca J (2003): Galen on the Brain: Anatomical Knowledge and Physiological Speculation in the Second Century A.D. (Brill, Leiden).

Romer A (1962): The Vertebrate Body, 3rd edn (Saunders, Philadelphia).

Rufus of Ephesus (fl. c100): : See Clarke & O'Malley (1996).

Scalia F (1972): The termination of retinal axons in the pretectal region of mammals. J Comp Neurol 145:223-258.

Schaffer K (1893): Kurze Anmerkung über die morphologische Differenz des Axencylinders im Verhältnisse zu den protoplasmatischen Fortsätzen bei Nissl's Färbung. Neurologisches Centralblatt 12:849-851. ( 1 definition )

Schulze FE (1893): Ueber die Bezeichnung der Lage und Richtung im Thierkörper. Biologisches Centralblatt 13:1-7. ( 4 definitions )

Schwalbe G (1881): Lehrbuch der Neurologie (Besold, Erlangen). ( 3 definitions )

Schwann T (1839): Mikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur und dem Wachsthum der Thiere und Pflanzen (Reimer, Berlin).

Schäfer EA (1900): The nerve cell. In Text-Book of Physiology, 2 vols, ed Schäfer EA (Pentland, Edinburgh), pp 592-615.

Sharpey W, Thomson A, Cleland J, eds (1867): Quain's Elements of Anatomy, 7th edn (Walton, London). ( 6 definitions )

Shepherd GM (1991): Foundations of the Neuron Doctrine (Oxford University Press, New York).

Sherrington CS (1900): The spinal cord. In Textbook of Physiology, vol. 2, ed Schäfer EA (Pentland: Edinburgh), pp 783-883.

Sherrington CS (1906): The Integrative Action of the Nervous System (Scribner, New York). ( 1 definition )

Simpson GG (1961): Principles of Animal Taxonomy (Columbia University Press, New York).

Singer C (1917): A study in early Renaissance anatomy, with a new text: the Anathomia of Hieronymo Manfredi, transcribed and translated by A. Mildred Westland. In Studies in the History and Method of Science, ed Singer C (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

Singer C (1925): : See Mondino (1316).

Singer C (1952): Vesalius on the Human Brain: Introduction, Translation of the Text, Translation of Descriptions of Figures, Notes to the Translations, Figures (Oxford University Press, London).

Singer C (1999): : See Galen (c177) On Anatomical Procedures.

Smith ES (1971): Galen's account of the cranial nerves and the autonomic nervous system. Clio medica 6:77-98.

Soemmerring ST (1778): De basi encephali et originibus nervorum cranio egredientium libri quinque (Widow of Abraham Vanderhoeck, Göttingen).

Soemmerring ST (1791): Vom Baue des menschlichen Körpers, vol 5, Hirnlehre und Nervenlehre (Varrentrapp & Wenner, Frankfurt am Main).

Solmsen F (1961): Greek philosophy and the discovery of the nerves. Museum Helveticum 18:150-197.

Spencer H (1881): Progress: Its Law and Cause… (Humboldt, New York).

Spitzka EC (1880): Art. IV. The architecture and mechanism of the brain. Chapter 1. The central tubular grey. J Nerv Ment Dis 7:208-249.

Sporns O, Tononi G, Kötter R (2005): The human connectome: a structural description of the human brain. PLoS Comp Biol 1:245-251. ( 1 definition )

Standring S, ed (2005): Gray's Anatomy, 39th edn (Elsevier Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh).

Standring S, ed (2008): Gray's Anatomy, 40th edn (Elsevier Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh).

Stricker J. (1860): Entwickelungsgeschichte von Bufo cinereus bis zum Erscheinen der äusseren Kiemen. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 39:472-478. ( 1 definition )

Strong OS, Elwyn A (1925): Bailey's Text-Book of Histology, 7th edn (Wood, New York).

Strong OS, Elwyn A (1943): Human Neuroanatomy (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore). ( 1 definition )

Swanson L.W. & Bota M. (2010): Foundational Model of nervous system structural connectivity: A schema for wiring diagrams, connectome, and basic plan architecture. PNAS, 2010 ( 30 definitions | PubMed )

Swanson LW (1976a): The locus coeruleus: a cytoarchitectonic, Golgi and immunohistoichemical study in the albino rat. Brain Res 110:39-56.

Swanson LW (1976b): An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the preoptic region in the rat. J Comp Neurol 167:227-256.

Swanson LW (1987): The hypothalamus. In Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol 5. Integrated Systems of the CNS, Part 1: Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala, Retina, eds Björklund A, Hökfelt T, Swanson LW (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

Swanson LW (1992): Brain Maps (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

Swanson LW (1998): Brain Maps, 2nd edn (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

Swanson LW (2000): What is the brain? Trends Neurosci 23:519-527. ( 2 definitions )

Swanson LW (2003): Brain Architecture (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

Swanson LW (2007): Quest for the basic plan of nervous system circuitry. Brain Res Rev 55:356-372.

Swanson, LW (2004): Brain Maps, 3rd edn (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

Tarin P (1753): Dictionnaire anatomique suivi d'une bibliotheque anatomique et physiologique (Paris, Briasson). See 2009 facsimile edition (Kessinger Publishing, LaVergne TN). ( 1 definition )

Thompson DW, tr (1910): : See Aristotle, Historia Animalium.

Thompson RH, Swanson LW (2010): Hypothesis driven structural connectivity analysis supports network over hierarchical model of brain architecture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:15235-15239. ( 3 definitions )

Tiedemann, F (1816): Anatomie und Bildungsgeschichte des Gehirns im Foetus des Menschen… (Stein, Nuremberg). ( 2 definitions )

Tiedemann, F (1826): Anatomy of the Foetal Brain (Carfrae, Edinburgh).

Toesca A (1996): Central and peripheral myelin in the rat cochlear and vestibular nerves. Neurosci Lett 221:21-24.

Unzer JA (1771): Erste Gründe einer Physiologie der eigentlichen thierischen Natur thierischer Körper (Weidermanns, Erben, & Reich; Leipzig). See 1851 translation, The Principles of Physiology by John Augustus Unzer… , translated and edited by T. Laycock (Sydenham Society, London).

Valentin G (1836): Über den Verlauf und die letzten Enden der Nerven. Verh kais leopold-carol Akad Naturf 10:50-240.

Van der Loos H (1967): The history of the neuron. In: The Neuron, ed Hydén, H (Elsevier, Amsterdam), pp 1-47.

Varolio C (1573): De Neruis Opticis nonnullisq; aliis praeter communem opinionem in Humano capite obseruatis (Meitti, Padua). See 1969 facsimile with English translation (Culture et Civilisation, Brussels). ( 3 definitions )

Vesalius A (1543): On the Fabric of the Human Body. A Translation of De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem, Book III, The Veins and Arteries, and Book IV, The Nerves, trs Richardson WF, Carman JB (Norman, Novato, 2002). ( 4 definitions )

Vicq d'Azyr F (1784): Recherches sur la structure de cerveau, du cervelet, de la moelle olengée, de la moelle épinière, et sur l'origine des nerfs de l'homme et des animaux [in 3 parts]. Mem Math Phys Acad Roy Sci, année 1781, pp 495-622. ( 1 definition )

Vicq d'Azyr F (1786): Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie, avec des planches coloriées représentant au naturel les divers organes de l'homme et des animaux… Tome premier (Didot, Paris). ( 2 definitions )

Virchow R (1846): Über das granulierte anschen der Wandungen der Gehirnventrikel. Allg Z Psychiat 3:242-250. ( 1 definition )

Virchow R (1856): Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medizin (Meidinger, Frankfurt am Main).

von Staden H (1989): Herophilus: the Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). ( 2 definitions )

Wagner R (1846): Sympathischer Nerv, Ganglienstructur und Nervenendingungen. In Handwörterbuch der Physiologie…, vol 3, pt 1, ed Wagner R (Vieweg, Braunschweig).

Waldeyer, W (1891): Über einige neuere Forschungen im Gegiete der Anatomie des Centralnervensystems. Deutsch med Wschr 17:1352-1356. ( 3 definitions )

Walter JG (1783): Tabulae nervorum thoracis et abdominis (Deckeri, Berolini).

Warwick R, Williams PL, eds (1973): Gray's Anatomy, 35th edn (Saunders, Philadelphia). ( 2 definitions )

Weitbrecht J (1744): : Quoted from Soemmerring ST (1778), Burdach KF (1822, pp. 394-397), and Meyer A (1971, p. 75).

Wharton T (1656): Adenographia… (Typis J. G. impensis Authoris, London). See 1996 facsimile and English translation by S. Freer (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

Wiberg J (1914): The anatomy of the brain in the works of Galen and ‘Ali' Abbas: a comparative historical-anatomical study. Janus 19:17-32.

Wilder BG (1899): Some misapprehensions as to the simplified nomenclature of anatomy. Science 9:566-581.

Wilder BG, Gage SH (1882): Anatomical Technology as Applied to the Domestic Cat (Barnes, New York).

Williams PL, ed (1995): Gray's Anatomy, 38th edn (Churchill Livingstone, New York).

Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister LH (1989): Gray's Anatomy, 37th edn (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh).

Williams PL, Warwick R, eds (1980): Gray's Anatomy, 36th edn (Saunders, Philadelphia). ( 1 definition )

Willis T (1664): Cerebri Anatome: Cui Accessit Nervorum Descriptio et Usus (Flesher, Martyn and Allestry, London). ( 2 definitions )

Willmer P (1990): Invertebrate Relationships (University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge).

Winslow (1733): An Anatomical Exposition of the Structure of the Human Body (Prevost, London). ( 5 definitions )