Topographic description of body ( Swanson & Bota, 2010 ) : One of two common orthogonal ways of describing completely the body; the other is the systems description of body. Topography here deals with the accurate geometric delineation and description of locations in the body; see Oxford English Dictionary (1989). For mammals the major locations are head, neck, trunk, and extremities. A hierarchical set of topographic locations together describes completely the body from a structural perspective; see Brash (1951, p. 3), Hollinshead (1974, pp. v-vii), Williams (1995, pp. 2, 15).